Implementing the Trivergence: Blockchain, AI, and the Internet of Things are driving transformation.

 It was in 1970, just over 50 years ago, that I first used a computer. I had requested 300 students to fill a long questionnaire for my undergraduate thesis in psychology, and when it came time to examine the data, I realized that using a calculator would take me months. A professor offered that I utilize a computer and that he would be willing to teach me Basic, a programming language. I slipped a large stack of punch cards into a mainframe card reader a few weeks later, and hundreds of analyses were done in 90 seconds. Computers, I decided, could be a major deal.


I was managing a group that was studying a novel notion at Bell Northern Research (Canada's Bell Labs) a decade later. We thought that everyone would use a computer that was connected to a wide network of networks and that computers would grow beyond data processing to become a communications medium. I wrote a book a few years later that detailed our research and development of that concept. The book did not do well in the marketplace. It was a case study in terrible timing, and the media's main argument was that managers and professionals would never learn to type.


After considering that half-century, I've come to the conclusion that the digital world has now entered a new era. Businesses and other organizations can make sense of the befuddling onslaught on technologies and respond effectively if they comprehend this second era.


The rise of mainframes, minicomputers, the personal computer, fax, the internet, mobility, the World Wide Web, social media, the mobile web, the cloud, and big data were all part of the first period of the digital age.


We’re now entering a second era where digital technologies permeate everything and every business process. We’re all familiar with how innovations such as machine learning, robotics, drones, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, 5G, additive manufacturing, virtual reality, and synthetic biology are reshaping the social and economic landscape.


When it comes down to it, though, the convergence of three of these technologies — artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things — is fundamental. To paraphrase 1 Corinthians 13:13, these three things are still present: AI, blockchain, and the Internet of Things. The best of these isn't any of them; it's their mixture.


It's known as the Trivergance


The Point of Convergence


Although most executives are aware of AI, blockchain, and IoT, a quick lesson can help put the upcoming Trivergence into context.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that depicts how daily objects and the physical world are becoming more connected to the internet. The development of wireless sensors and smart gadgets is resulting in the creation of a seamless computational network that links every living creature and inanimate object on the globe into a worldwide Internet of Everything. IoT uses now vary from the ordinary — such as your refrigerator ordering milk from Amazon — to the miraculous, such as internet-connected glucose monitors that remind diabetic patients to take their insulin while also allowing doctors to check their health in real-time.



Artificial intelligence refers to computers' ability to execute tasks that would normally need human intellect, such as visual perception to discern complex patterns and processing capability to draw inferences from large datasets and give recommendations for people to consider. AI systems are already moving beyond high-volume, low-complexity data management and analytics to execute increasingly non-routine and complex processes that have traditionally required the unique pattern recognition capabilities associated with human cognition, thanks to the exponential rate of technological progress. Computers are becoming capable of information-based tasks such as administrative support, basic information brokering, simple software coding, and even boilerplate legal work, thanks to increasingly sophisticated systems for speech recognition, natural language understanding, and image classification.

The distributed ledger technology that underpins the cryptocurrency revolution is known as blockchain. People can utilise blockchain for much more than tracking crypto transactions, which is why we call it the internet of value. Money, stocks, intellectual property, deeds and contracts, music, votes, and our personal data may all be stored, managed, and exchanged in a safe, private, and peer-to-peer manner using distributed ledgers. We accomplish trust through cryptography, mass collaboration, and some creative code, rather than through intermediaries such as banks, stock exchanges, or credit card firms. In a nutshell, blockchain software groups transaction records into batches or "blocks" of data, links and timestamps the blocks into chains, and creates an immutable record of transactions with limitless levels of privacy or transparency, as desired.



Each of these fundamental technologies has its own set of capabilities. When considered as a whole, though, they are altered. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts in this circumstance.


The internet of things (IoT) will usher in a new era of pervasive computing, in which billions of people, trillions of gadgets, and innumerable decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) will be connected. Connected individuals, gadgets, and organizations can now do far more than just communicate: they can conduct transactions, build markets, and trust one another thanks to blockchain. When we combine AI with this connectivity, we can evaluate and make sense of the vast datasets that result. We can use this capacity to make better judgments and take better actions that will help the world sustain itself, all while remaining safe.



The physical world and the Trivergence


We now have unparalleled access to new data streams thanks to the Internet of Things, which may assist business leaders manage physical assets ranging from auto parts in manufacturing supply chains to infrastructure assets such as roadways, pipelines, bridges, and buildings. The abundance of new sensing capabilities will open up a slew of new real-time reporting possibilities. Scientists, for example, can use distributed sensor networks and the data generated by these tools to revolutionize our ability to model the world and all of its systems, providing new insights into social and natural phenomena as well as the ability to more accurately forecast trends like climate change. Transportation, infrastructure management, and international trade will all benefit from more fast and granular feedback loops.



\ Pervasive computing is already allowing public and private sector decision-makers to access massive amounts of data. The vast volume of fresh data, on the other hand, presents new questions. How will these distributed devices and assets, for example, communicate with one another? What is the best location for the data? And, more importantly, how can businesses safely access, analyze, and share vast datasets? Many people believe that the coming together of blockchain, AI, and IoT will provide practical solutions to these problems.


Trivergence is exemplified by autonomous vehicles. The car is a thing; it's intelligent and can learn, and when connected with blockchain, it opens up a whole new world of mobility. The nature of blockchain makes creating networks without a central point of control both simple and cost-effective.a vehicle-to-vehicle information grid, for reference


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The Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative (MOBI), for example, is a nonprofit alliance of public and private entities that uses blockchain, IoT, AI, and other related technologies to make transportation more efficient, economical, greener, safer, and less congested. The consortium's focus is simple blockchain-based standards to streamline mobility transactions by promoting secure protocols for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications and payments. It is backed by many of the world's largest vehicle manufacturers, infrastructure providers, and tech companies. These standards, according to MOBI, will allow any smart device – vehicles, road sensors, toll bridges, or other pieces of mobility infrastructure — to have an identity, communicate, and participate autonomously in economic transactions as a separate agent.


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Some of the first blockchain-based car value transfer systems were developed to address concerns including parking fees, toll road billing, and other roadside services. MOBI brought together five major automakers in 2019, including Renault, BMW, General Motors, Honda, and Ford Motor Company, to begin field testing for a blockchain-based car identification system that will allow drivers to automatically pay highway tolls and parking fees.




Individual vehicles will be assigned digital IDs, and facts such as ownership information and service history will be recorded on a blockchain. Data spanning the vehicle's lifetime will aid in the identification of vehicles on the road, allowing owners to purchase products and services without the use of specific tags or transponders required by today's electronic tollbooth systems.


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The blockchain-based infrastructure for linked electric vehicles is being optimised by MOBI and its partners. Tolls, car maintenance, and even rest stop refreshments can all be recorded on the fly and paid all at once when the vehicle is hooked into a charging station in this way. According to a recent Accenture study, transactions like these will become a multi-trillion-dollar global ecosystem that enables new pay-as-you-go mobility services, with blockchain providing the infrastructure for data sharing and security across manufacturers, suppliers, and other relevant parties.


Of course, self-driving cars and mobile payments are just the beginning. Today's dumb infrastructure is becoming increasingly intelligent thanks to the Internet of Things, which allows managers to track everything from water and natural gas flows to urban infrastructure, transportation networks, and agricultural supply chains. Sensors and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags connected to foodstuffs are being used by food retailers like Walmart to track meat and other agricultural items from the farmer's field to the store shelf. The complete history and current location of a food item, as well as its information (i.e., food processing methods, certifications, test data, storage temperatures, shipping details, expiration dates, and, for some food products, soil quality, and fertilizers), are created by chronologically recording each step of the food item's journey on a blockchain.


With this information, retailers can ensure supply quality, food inspectors can collect more information about potential health hazards, and customers may make more informed purchasing decisions. Adding artificial intelligence to the mix will open up even more opportunities to improve food safety, production, and creativity. For example, data from traceability systems could aid supply chain partners in streamlining distribution, better managing inventory, reducing food waste, and identifying other efficiencies. In other words, the Trivergence could be used by everyone from merchants to producers to farmers to accelerate innovation in the global food chain.


\ Cities are becoming smarter as a result of the Trivergence. Skyscrapers outfitted with sensors and AI-enabled building automation systems can adjust lighting and temperature in response to outside circumstances. As particular portions of the building reach predetermined limits, additional sensors can reduce water flow. By adapting the light cadence to real-time traffic circumstances, smart traffic lights can help to alleviate traffic congestion. Smart garbage receptacles tell waste management businesses when they need to be emptied, while connected parking meters and EV charging ports can announce their availability to neighboring drivers.



As the Trivergence collides with physical possibilities. The massive amount of data generated by transactions, medical and legal records, films, and social media — not to mention the sensors, cameras, bar codes, and transmitters embedded in our environment — has significant implications.


The Future of Healthcare and the Trivergence

Let's take a look at Trivergence in one of our most important industries: healthcare. Despite contemporary medicine's marvels, the fundamental model of health care has largely remained intact for decades. Doctors diagnose medical illnesses mostly based on the signs and symptoms provided by patients, and treat them based on their experience, expertise, and intuition





Today, breakthroughs in genomics are merging with the Trivergence to drive a shift away from one-size-fits-all medical care and toward a new type of customized medicine that is tailored to your own DNA. Doctors and hospitals are already using AI algorithms to better analyze data and tailor health care to each patient's lifestyle, surroundings, and genetic composition. AI can improve the speed and efficacy of care in a variety of ways, from identifying malignant tumors to determining the best course of treatment for a specific patient.



 IBM's Watson supercomputer, for example, has lately been employed in medicine, where it can interpret X-rays, analyze biopsies, and diagnose medical problems. Its diagnoses are based on a study of a massive database of medical data, not on a single doctor's career experience. AI technology can identify patterns and insights that people could not find on their own by sifting through health records and photographs, population data, insurance claims data, and clinical trial data. Doctors and nurses at TidalHealth in Maryland, for example, are using Watson to look up information on medicine compatibility, side effects, and unique dosing requirements.


IoT and blockchain are merging to build a revolutionary new model for health informatics, while AI provides powerful new analytic capabilities. Patients and doctors have been able to share data and interact in innovative ways for decades because of the spread of cheap health monitoring gadgets. Digital heart monitors, Bluetooth-enabled scales, glucose monitors, skin patches, and maternity care trackers, to mention a few, can provide insight into both general health concerns like weight loss and allergies, as well as more specialized disorders like infertility and diabetes. Several pilot studies aiming at lowering the cost of chronic care have found that using self-monitoring technology decreases errors, increases communication with clinicians, and helps patients manage their conditions better.



Physicians are increasingly encouraging patients to use smart web-based applications and self-monitoring technologies so they may spend less time on routine check-ups and inquiries and more time on patients with urgent needs. As a result of these advancements, emergency room visits, unneeded doctor's appointments, and costly home nurse visits are reduced.


The promise of IoT-enabled healthcare is that it will generate massive volumes of anonymized data that will become part of research, health, and medicine's knowledge base. When you combine blockchain with its ability to provide secure, permission data access, you can imagine the rise of a community-driven internet of health data, bringing together researchers and patient communities, social networks, and Internet of Things data flows to create a seamless environment for wellness promotion and medical research. Adults would own and control their data, but healthcare professionals (and possibly family members) would be able to access it as needed with adequate privacy and security.



In his capacity as CEO of the Structural Genomics Consortium, global biomedical research cooperation including scientists from hundreds of universities around the world and nine global pharmaceutical corporations, Aled Edwards has experienced the benefits of such collaborations personally. Edwards cites a number of industry issues where more collaboration between big pharma, biotech companies, and university researchers would yield better results, including antibacterial research, developing more intelligent approaches to assessing drug toxicology, reducing the industry's reliance on animal testing, and even tackling grand medical challenges such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. According to Edwards:



"These are instances where a strictly market-driven strategy is ineffective and where knowledge sharing makes a lot of sense."


In medical research, blockchain could help with improved digital rights management, such as enforcing regulations regarding who owns and has access to DNA data. IBM, for example, is collaborating with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on a blockchain-based mechanism for managing clinical trial data transmissions: Data is jumbled, transmitted, and then reassembled, all while being meticulously safeguarded. To keep the integrity of the reassembled files, Blockchain includes an encryption and permissions scheme.



The Trivergence is equipping healthcare practitioners and public health officials with new tools to battle the epidemic as healthcare systems around the world cope with the impact of COVID-19. For example, AbCellera Biologics, a Canadian biotech company that employs AI produce drugs, will launch in late February 2020. antibody treatments, on the other hand, found themselves at the forefront of the global reaction.


A blood sample from a patient who recovered from COVID-19 was sent to the Vancouver-based company, which employs roughly 300 people. AbCellera examined over five million immune cells and utilized its AI-powered drug discovery engine to find the ones that produced antibodies that helped the person neutralize the infection and recover. Carl Hansen, CEO of AbCellera, explained:


"Our technology uses artificial intelligence to identify such antibodies, generating hundreds of millions of photos per month." 

Then, using machine learning, they decode their genetic codes to uncover patterns that best match the drug's finest features. Humans will never be able to detect all of the patterns, but an AI algorithm will. You can start to discover insights that apply to numerous problems if you give it enough data."


According to Hansen, the approach resulted in the emergency FDA approval of bamlanivimab, a highly successful neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy marketed by AbCellera's pharmaceutical partner Eli Lilly. It took less than a week to complete the initial discovery procedure.


The creation of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody treatments exemplifies how AI-enabled drug discovery discoveries are reducing years-long processes to weeks or months. However, getting these vaccines and treatments to every individual on the earth would be a monumental public health problem. Trivergence is a critical force in this worldwide quest.


Moderna and IBM unveiled a trial initiative in March to track the delivery of COVID-19 vaccinations from manufacturer to clinic, allowing healthcare providers to see the status of specific vaccine batches as they traveled from manufacturer to clinic. Moderna's vaccine must be stored and sent at minus 20 degrees Celsius, although hospitals and clinics can keep it in an ordinary refrigerator (2–8 degrees C) for up to one month. Maintaining the efficacy of vaccines requires proper storage, which might mean the difference between life and death. With vaccine reluctance becoming a thorny and unwelcome aspect in the pandemic's extension, faith in the supply chain's safety and effectiveness is critical.


Governments and healthcare providers can utilize an IoT and blockchain-enabled solution from IBM and Moderna to swiftly and securely communicate data about individual vaccine batches at each step of their journey through the COVID-19 supply chain. Sensors installed in shipping containers offer real-time status data on individual vaccination batches' location and storage conditions. Capturing the status updates on a blockchain, in turn, provides an immutable, tamper-proof record that assures all stakeholders that vaccine supplies are being stored and managed properly, alleviating any logistical concerns regarding vaccine safety and efficacy.


Vaccines can also benefit from the same tracking mechanism. Pharmaceutical businesses and governments, for example, can monitor if suppliers are delivering the agreed-upon quantity of vaccinations on time. Distributors can look at shipment data to see if there are any inefficiencies in the system. Clinics and hospitals can better manage their stocks by anticipating supply conditions. As the pandemic progresses, the lessons learned from IBM and Moderna's work will be useful in streamlining vaccine distribution around the world.


Prepare for the interruption caused by the Trivergence.


Every industry is beginning to be affected by trivergence. The wallet has evolved into a smart app that can collect data and learn in the financial services industry Vaccines can also benefit from the same tracking mechanism. Pharmaceutical businesses and governments, for example, can monitor if suppliers are delivering the agreed-upon quantity of vaccinations on time. Distributors can look at shipment data to see if there are any inefficiencies in the system. 3D printers are making aircraft parts in a Boeing facility with a blockchain network supporting all patented data, contracting, and payments peer-to-peer, which clinics and hospitals can anticipate. Telecommunications businesses are employing blockchain-based smart contracts among providers to automate the web of payments and settlements around the world, rather than negotiating cumbersome, costly, and ever-changing roaming arrangements.


Over time, the Trivergence will usher in a next-generation internet in which nearly every animate and inanimate object on Earth generates data, a distributed ledger records and secures this data, and AI analyses the data communicate with the objects, alerts their owners, and continuously adjusts and improves the economy's efficiency and environmental sustainability.


This Trivergence is enabling new business models that are disrupting numerous industries and providing platforms for economic innovation for decades to come. Every organization, government, and individual, as well as technology strategy, architecture, and leadership, are all affected by the second age. If we can get through the dark side — and that's a big if — this Trivergence can effectively help us restore our digital identities. combat climate change and assist in the resolution of some of the world's most difficult issues


Don Tapscott is an author, consultant, and lecturer on the impact of technology on business and society, as well as one of the most important business thinkers. Tapscott and his son Alex founded the Blockchain Research Institute in 2017 with the goal of researching blockchain strategy, use cases, and implementation, among other things. He's also the founder and CEO of the Tapscott Group, a think tank that studies the economic and social implications of technology, innovation, and media. Don is a Chancellor Emeritus of Trent University in Canada and an adjunct professor at INSEAD. He's written 16 books about the digital age that have received a lot of attention.


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